In terms of your legal options to stop this, in my experience, that's far from the best option. Yes, there may be a legal approach, but it invites weeks/months of him being petty and making the problem worse before it's better. That said, if you need to go there, you need to go there, but I'd say last resort.

The first thing I'd do is, speaking the chill "hey man" stoner language, ask him to use a fan blowing out a window. Most of the time a stoner doesn't think their smoke is noticeable by others, so just letting them know can get them embarrassed. If you do try to get them to reimburse the damages for your door, know that it's gonna be a longshot -- they may not have done it, and even if they did, they're probably gonna be really skeptical like "who tf is this guy?". If you can get insurance or your landlord to fix the door (probably your best bet, since I'd imagine they still have a duty to provide a habitable home, and clearly it was not your fault), I would, and I'd tell the neighbor that you didn't want to ask him to pay for it even though the fire department told you you could (one of the few times I'd say lying may be best for everyone since it's probably the best bet to have him take this seriously without pissing him off into retaliation mode).