Great question! In terms of human neuroimaging, there are advances in both software and hardware that are making big changes.

As for software, our recent article talks about using MRI in combination with machine learning to predict psychiatric disorders. People like Randy Buckner are also working to get reliable single-subject results - most studies right now look at 20-30 subjects and average their brain activity, which is good for statistical power but bad for exploring variability between people.

Machine learning is also helping us figure out the complicated structure of brain activity with tools like multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) and data-driven clustering of brain regions based on activity patterns.

As for hardware, teams at GE, Siemens, Phillips, and institutes like the Martinos Center at Mass General Hospital are creating awesome new scanners with much better resolution. Current research is typically done on 3-Tesla machines (which refers to the strength of the magnet in the scanner), giving about 2-3mm cubic resolution during functional imaging. 7T machines can get us below 1mm, which will be awesome for more specific localization of processing. And even higher tesla machines are in the pipeline for the near future, at least for research purposes.

Other machines like the Connectome are giving us our best look at the physical connections between brain areas by measuring water diffusion along white matter tracts.

All these advances are awesome in their own right, but it's going to be amazing watching them combine together to make some incredibly powerful research and diagnostic tools in the near future. To date, brain imaging hasn't directly influenced psychiatry or diagnostics in meaningful ways - this should be changing in the next ten years.