Black and female politicians still win the support of many people with racist and sexist views – as long as the politicians are conservative, a new study of 44,836 Americans finds.

Would you describe affirmative action as allowing anyone to join without preference to race?

Yes. That’s precisely what it is.

No it isn't.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States

focus on access to education and employment, granting special consideration to historically excluded groups, specifically racial minorities or women.

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/affirmative-action.asp

Affirmative action is a policy in which an individual's color, race, sex, religion or national origin are taken into account to increase opportunities provided to an underrepresented part of society.

https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/affirmative_action

the practice or policy of favoring individuals belonging to groups known to have been discriminated against previously.

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