Cell lost to Goku, Goku lost to Superman, and Superman lost to Doomsday, thus Cell would lose to Doomsday

Cell has the power to destroy the moon. If Doomsday never fought the Justice League and Superman I would say that would've been enough to kill Doomsday. However, Doomsday adapts to ever defeat. After fighting Superman and Darkseid, Doomsday cannot just be beaten by pure kinetic force or blast force (he survived Darkseid's omega beams after all), even the force of a planet buster like Superman or in this case, Cell. Superman only narrowly won his rematch Doomsday when Superman used a portal in time and flung him into the future where my evil entropy is law.

So Doomsday is basically immune to whatever Cell could throw at him, as I don't remember Cell having a time machine in his pocket but I do remember Cell dying to a Super Saiyan 2 Kamehameha.