The city of Qashliq around the 15th century, capital of the Khanate of Sibir.

The "Siberian Khanate" was a country of many nations and beliefs but the Turkic population dominated the original local tribes of the Khanty, Mansi and others. The head of state was the khan, who was elected by the Turkic aristocracy. The khan lived in his palace-fortress, built of adobe clay bricks. For the construction of such buildings, architects from Central Asia were usually invited, who knew how to create characteristic decorative elements. But such palaces were short-lived because of their material and even their remains have not survived to this day.

The population was engaged in cattle breeding, hunting and fishing. They cultivated the land a little, but crafts flourished: pottery, weaving and metalworking. Inside the city, the common population lived in yurts, the rows of which made up whole streets. The "Siberian Khanate" was very active in trade, as it lay on the trade routes from Asia to Europe.

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