Concern over the Second Vatican Council's teaching on Islam

That isn't relevant. See http://edwardfeser.blogspot.com/2015/12/christians-muslims-and-reference-of-god.html

What all this shows is that we need to distinguish between how God has to be and how we have to conceptualize God. What the doctrine of the Trinity entails is that God could not possibly be other than three divine Persons in one substance. But it does not entail that we cannot conceptualize God other than as three divine Persons in one substance. To suppose that, because the doctrine of the Trinity entails the former, it must also entail the latter, is to confuse metaphysics with epistemology.

None of this should be surprising given that, as Christianity itself traditionally teaches, the doctrine of the Trinity is not something which human reason could have arrived at on its own, but can be known only via special divine revelation. We can know that God is Trinitarian only if we first know that he exists and has revealed certain truths (via a prophet, scripture, tradition, or the teachings of the Church). Naturally, then, we must be able to conceptualize him in a non-Trinitarian way, otherwise we couldn’t ever get to knowledge of the Trinity. (Note that this does not entail that he could have failed to be Trinitarian. Again, to suppose otherwise is to confuse metaphysics and epistemology.)

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