I don't really get the problems about learning frameworks. We were never introduced to any frameworks. Even most programming languages, it was just like "now we're doing numerical algorithms, you have to use C++ and be able to compile with Eigen3 on linux, there's no introduction".

We had an introduction to programming class with Java, covering some OOP concepts. In a low level course, C was shortly introduced, but it focused on systems, not the language itself and we covered the functional programming paradigm rigorously with Haskell. That's it. In everything else, we just were thrown into.

Just as a side note; mastering a language is something entirely different than being able to produce maintainable code in it, but I don't think the former is ever required to get a job (save for a few exceptions).

e.g. one job asked for R. I wrote it in my CV and when I got invited to the interview, I just implemented a CNN in R to get the basic syntax done. The interview seemed fine (have to hear back, though). Btw. R seems kinda clunky and has problems dealing with large datasets, so I certainly wouldn't use it when having a choice. But for some weird reasons it seems popular with statisticians, like FORTRAN does with physicists. Man, the code I've witnessed sometimes is beyond hope. But I implement my methods low level on GPUs myself as a hobby, I can't expect everyone to know that much about computers.

And yeah, the math isn't hard. The most advanced math I know is point-set topology and enough abstract algebra and number theory to deal with cryptography and cool algorithms involving it. ML is just applied real analysis at its most rigorous level, if that makes sense. I played with the idea of taking a class on measure theory, but honestly couldn't justify it so far. I took a couple of algorithm classes that heavily use probability, but it's on countable sets only, so there's simply no need for measure theory, combinatorics will do just fine.

I'll do an CS MSc after my BSc (as is common in my country) and also fancy a PhD, so let's see. Anyway, never had problems applying, except when they explicitly ask for MSc / PhD / x years of proven experience.