Get rid of your half ass routine...get a basic beginner routine...lift heavy weights and put them back down

These are the things you are not doing. Regardless of if you're going to the gym or working out at home, you need to put more effort into your routine and follow some programming that makes more sense.

Increasing weights based on when you reach a certain rep count with your curls doesn't make a lot of sense. You're doing something resembling a deadlift with the same weight and volume of your curls. The muscles you're working with that movement are way more massive than your biceps, so you should be able to train them harder. Choosing your squat weight based on being too lazy to change what you're doing for curls also doesn't make sense. The way you progress doing a compound movement like squats should not be tied to your progression on an isolation exercise like curls.

You can get a good workout in within your constraints of an hour a day, but you need to put some effort into thinking through how you're going to get the most out of that time. "Lift heavy weights" is going to necessarily change based on what lift you're doing and what muscle's you're working. Your progression through different exercises will be different. Don't wait to squat more just because you've plateaued on your curls.

So to answer your big question, I think the answer is yes, but it's going to require some changes from what you're doing now.