Nothing wrong with having your dipped beam headlights on all of the time, if you wanted. That is likely to the safest thing to do. The only time that that might be a problem is if you are parked facing into oncoming traffic. That doesn’t mean you should have your foglights or high beams on, though.

It’s disappointing that your driving instructor didn’t teach you to think about your headlights. You should be assessing the conditions at all times and if visibility drops below a certain level, then you should turn your headlights on. This includes a lot of situations when your automatic lights wouldn’t turn on, like when it’s raining, there’s spray or fog or snow, or when there is a bright sunlight behind you.

They should also have taught you to look at your car when you’re approaching it, and assessing how clean the lights, plates and windows are.

Now, despite your driving instructor failing to do their job properly, you are legally and morally responsible for using your car safely, so good on you for posting here to ask :)