I can try to explain some of those terms and how they apply, but I also haven't slept in about 30 hours, so if it's still confusing, let me know.

Decimal-Based - 10 digit number system that you're used to which uses the digits from 0 to 9. Adding a 0 to the end multiplies the number by 10.

Digital / Binary - Represented by a sequence of 0's and 1's. Adding a 0 to the end doubles the number. "10" in binary is "2" in decimal. "100" in binary is "4" in decimal". "1000" in binary is "8" in decimal. They increase in powers of 2.

Analog - "Continuously Variable" ... aka not just 0's and 1's but lots of other things too. Possibly wave forms such as sounds. A vinyl record is a good example of this. Generally, in this context, analog simply means not binary.

Natural Affinity - They tend to go well together.

Most SSD's use physical NAND gates (they store a 1 or a 0) and they are accessed directly through wires. Those wires are stuck in place and never move. The easiest way to build a circuit to access data over those wires with a digital controller is by storing them in powers of 2.

So, the digital nature of SSD's gives them an affinity for powers of 2.

Hard Disk Drives (HDD) use spinning disks, and a moving read/write heads that float on top of the disks. The head uses magnets to read and write from the disk, rather than accessing the data through hard wired circuits. You have a lot more freedom to move the head wherever you want, and can make the platter any size you want. In this sense, since you're not restricted to powers of 2, it can be considered analog.

Since people are used to nice decimal numbers, they can easily make the platters just big enough to store those nice whole decimal numbers, and the controller doesn't need to change much. You just need to tell it how big the disk is.