ELI5: The US system of 'bailing-out' of jail. Being british, i really don't understand it

You really should. You partly own RBS as a British taxpayer after the UK system bailed them out.

Bailing out means the government loaning their national companies (i.e. car manufacturers like GM as well as financial institutions) money so they can operate in the short-term, not go broke, not cause mass layoffs and restructure (capitalize and change their operations so they become profitable again in the long-run) so they can pay-off this loan to the government.

Just like how there are pay loans for broke people so they can pay their bills.

Why would companies need government loans or "bail-out" money.

Because they litteraly can't access any capital/money to operate (like GM not being able to pay its pensions or Citi having existing liabilities from derivatives trading that need to be backed up by assets (money))), or there is a lack of confidence by creditors that could cause a "bank run":

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Northern_Rock_Queue.jpg

"2007 run on Northern Rock, a UK bank, during the late-2000s financial crisis."

This bail-out idea as been compounded by the central banks acting as a "lender of last resort" effectively though its Quantitative Easing programs where central banks buy their government's debt and then bailout companies buy this ownership of government debt from central banks at a discount, thus creating and "printing money".

People are angry about such vast credit being extended to companies that have failed to compete successfully in the capitalist system, especially when ordinary people do not get loaned money at discounted rates when they are broke.

Hence there is talk about whether it would better if central banks just lend money directly to consumers so they can spend the money in the economy and production (GDP) would go back up and help the economy expand.

/r/explainlikeimfive Thread