The biggest difference between business/general purpose and gaming laptops is the GPU (graphics processing unit), as in how fast/powerful.

Gaming laptops generally have a dedicated GPU, which is its own silicon die independent from the CPU and which has its own VRAM (video RAM or video memory).

A dedicated GPU is typically more expensive, produces more heat, and consumes more power than the other option, an integrated GPU which is built into the same silicon die as the CPU and which usually shares memory with the CPU (normal RAM).

Let's look at a Dell Latitude 7480 business laptop, its a $1400 laptop which has a Intel HD Graphics 620 integrated GPU.

According to NotebookCheck.net, the HD 620 iGPU achieves a graphics score of around 933 points in the Fire Strike 1080p benchmark and achieves around 39 fps in Fortnite at 1080p medium settings.

In contrast you can find an $1100-1200 gaming laptop with a GTX 1060 dedicated mobile GPU. According to NotebookCheck.com, a GTX 1060 scores around 11592 points in Fire Strike 1080p graphics and achieves 177 fps in Fornite 1080p medium.

As you can see the GTX 1060 is much powerful for gaming and likewise for some other GPU-accelerated tasks, but it also uses much more power and generates much more heat.

The business laptop is going to have other advantages like potentially better build quality, longer battery life, perhaps better warranty support.