Wir ignorieren momentan Dublin. AFAIK könnten wir praktisch alle Asylbewerber sofort ausweisen und zurück in das Land schicken, wo sie die EU zuerst betreten haben.
Nein, Deutschland ignoriert Dublin nicht.
Artikel 3 der Dublin-Verordnung:
1. Member States shall examine any application for international protection by a third-country national or a stateless person who applies on the territory of any one of them, including at the border or in the transit zones. The application shall be examined by a single Member State, which shall be the one which the criteria set out in Chapter III indicate is responsible.
2. Where no Member State responsible can be designated on the basis of the criteria listed in this Regulation, the first Member State in which the application for international protection was lodged shall be responsible for examining it.
Soweit, sogut. Das klingt danach, als ob man die Flüchtlinge nach Griechenland oder Ungarn zurückschicken könnte. Nur dann kommt es halt:
Where it is impossible to transfer an applicant to the Member State primarily designated as responsible because there are substantial grounds for believing that there are systemic flaws in the asylum procedure and in the reception conditions for applicants in that Member State, resulting in a risk of inhuman or degrading treatment within the meaning of Article 4 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, the determining Member State shall continue to examine the criteria set out in Chapter III in order to establish whether another Member State can be designated as responsible.
Ups. Griechenland und Ungarn fallen genau darunter (z.B. der Fall M.S.S. v. Belgium and Greece vor dem EGMR), und damit wird Deutschland zum "determining Member State". Noch weiter:
Where the transfer cannot be made pursuant to this paragraph to any Member State designated on the basis of the criteria set out in Chapter III or to the first Member State with which the application was lodged, the determining Member State shall become the Member State responsible.
Und sofern es keine anderen Gründe gibt (z.B. Familienzusammenführung), wird Deutschland damit auch zum Mitgliedsstaat, der für den Asylantrag zuständig ist. Mit nur einem Ausweg:
3. Any Member State shall retain the right to send an applicant to a safe third country, subject to the rules and safeguards laid down in Directive 2013/32/EU.
D.h. man kann Asylbewerber z.B. nach Österreich zurückschieben (oder von da aus nicht über die Grenze lassen), da alle EU-Staaten als sichere Drittstaaten gelten. Dann kommt's aber zum besagten Domino-Effekt. Es ist vor allem eine Option, ignoriert wird Dublin dadurch aber nicht.
Ohnehin sich jeder Mitgliedsstaat nach Artikel 17 freiwillig um Asylbewerber kümmern:
1. By way of derogation from Article 3(1), each Member State may decide to examine an application for international protection lodged with it by a third-country national or a stateless person, even if such examination is not its responsibility under the criteria laid down in this Regulation.
The Member State which decides to examine an application for international protection pursuant to this paragraph shall become the Member State responsible and shall assume the obligations associated with that responsibility.