If they can't respect the rules of the country where they live, they don't need to be living there.
Bogus, unless voting is mandatory in which you don't have to obey it.
Voting for law other than the law God gave us is instituting another God over people.
Imagine calling upon a Jinn to make it rain. Clearly shirk right?
Now imagine calling upon someone else to make laws for humanity? Also clearly shirk.
It's God who sent down laws and we are to rely on them, not call upon someone else to make us some.
Now there is a difference of opinion of the scholars on whether or not voting is allowed for instituting aspects of Shariah.
the first 4 sahaba were chosen by vote
Those were for people who were going to institute and rule by the law of God and were chosen by the ulema (if not the prophet, peace be upon him) at that time. You cannot possibly compare the Sahaba voting for Abu Bakr, may God be pleased with him, to you voting for Hillary Clinton.
The way Caliphs are chosen by in an Islamic government is by the ulema, not by the laymen. This is a crucial difference between democracy and Shariah.
The exception to this is Shi' where in Imamis they believe that God will choose one for the people, or in Zaydiyya where they believe an Imam can arise at anytime so long as they are ulema and a Syed. Regardless it doesn't matter on making voting halal.
As well considering the track record if you vote for someone and you know it is likely they will harm another Muslim you will be held directly responsible as you supported them by voting for.
So voting is very dangerous and should not be done.
Further reading:
http://www.kalamullah.com/Books/DemocracyReligion.pdf
http://www.islamweb.net/emainpage/index.php?page=showfatwa&Option=FatwaId&Id=85826
http://proahlulbayt1.blogspot.com/2013/08/imamate-in-quran.html
http://www.al-islam.org/shia-political-thought-ahmed-vaezi/islam-and-democracy