I’m aware of the studies, which is why I included the warning. Here is an academic article recently published in response to the FDA study. https://academic.oup.com/jas/article/98/6/skaa155/5857674 I don’t think the FDA study is invalid, and personally feed my one dog grain-inclusive food because the formula works for her and I’m not going out of my way to feed grain-free. But my family dog eats grain-free per vet recommendation, as it is the only formula that has worked with her allergies/food sensitivities. I agree that grain-free isn’t necessary, and if someone asked me generally what to feed their dog, I probably wouldn’t recommend grain-free. But, this request was for high calorie food, and I just recommend a brand that is, with a warning.