Not once they get permanent residency. Not sure about the Netherlands but you get permanent residency in Germany after

• 21 months if you have a job that is connected to your degree and you earn 56,400 euro per year (or 43,992 for scientists in natural science disciplines, mathematicians, architects, interior, urban and traffic planners, designers, engineers, scientific engineers, physicians except dentists and those with academic qualifications in information and communications technology)

• after 2 years if you have a job in Germany that is related to your degree and you previously studied in Germany (which is tuition-free)

• after 4 years if you have a job in Germany that is related to your degree

• after 5 years if you have a job in Germany that is not related to your degree, or if you have no degree, or if you are a freelancer, or are married to someone who lives in Germany (3 years if the spouse is German)

Here is the story of an American immigrant in Germany (without German citizenship) who lives on welfare after she got a brain tumor. She paid 110 euro co-payment for the whole brain tumor diagnosis, operation and treatment and now the German government pays for her apartment, for heating cost, she gets free health insurance and 449 euro cash per month for her other expenses: https://www.reddit.com/r/germany/comments/s57vhl/german_social_safety_net_for_immigrants_armstrong/