Start by consuming information. As you've said, reading is a huge component and every thought has a catalyst. Google scholar provides access to academic literature but it might be too esoteric. Bookmark pewresearch.org, it's a non-partisan website full of statistical information. Also start stockpiling books by renowned authors in the fields you're interested in, read both sides of every issue and everything in-between. The book depository offers free shipping world-wide.

As Peterson says (and others), the most important information is that which you don't already know, I.e. never stop challenging your current opinions.

First post on Reddit. Sorry if it's trash or obvious information.