One project I am working on is tracking electrical output. I will probably have to track it monthly, not just from looking at the electric bill, but looking at what around my house contributed to the electric bill.

This should be relatively easy to figure out provided you have the manuals for all of your appliances and whatnot. Electrical consumption should be listed in the technical specs and even if it isn't rated in Kwh you should have enough information to calculate it. Worst case scenario you unplug things and check the impact it has on your meter.

Another project is storing backup power without the need for fuel to run that backup power. I know there are power generators out there, but I want to either learn to build my own, or get one that is capable of powering the house for 72 hours (based off what we would consume in power over that period of time).

Other than charging batteries? This is typically done by pumping water up a hill and storing it there until needed. Then you let it run down the hill and collect the energy via turbine/water wheel. I suspect you would be better off selling excess power than using it to pump water to use later. That would probably offset costs of buying power at night or when you don't have solar/wind available.

Solar panels (can i build them myself or where would I go to get cost-efficient panels?)

Can't say that I have ever tried, but there is an instructable for that.

What other tools or products are out there for residential consumers to put this all together?

There are all kinds of companies that sell kits for solar or wind power. Home Depot even sells wind generators. As for wiring it up, you may want to talk to an electrician if you haven't got any experience working on this sort of thing.

Am I in the right subreddit to ask these things?

Not really. I think what you are asking is well beyond the scope of a how-to. /r/Permaculture will have the resources you need, at least to an extent. Your options and how effective they are really depends on your location and what natural resources you have available to you.