A cornerstone of modern controller schemes are the dual joysticks. Unless you're willing to use a peripheral like third-party Bluetooth controllers a dual stick set-up is unrealistic on touch screen phones. Your thumbs obscure much or most of the screen. Phones are already very limited by the amount of information they can fit on the screen, especially when it comes to HUD and UI elements, so having two joysticks is unrealistic.

It's worth noting that some games that do have two on-screen joysticks have shown that the limited "resolution" of the touchscreen means that the joysticks lack anything close to the finesse you find on hardware controllers making anything other than lazy, one-speed walking simulators functionally impossible.

Some games have tried to achieve console style controls by using a UI element for one joystick, and having the other joystick mapped to the device's gyro/accelerometer. While novel, this set up isn't especially effective. It hasn't caught on for a reason and deals with finesse issues as well.

So my answer to you is that, you can't really design "console style" controls for a touch screen phone. Your best bet is to adjust and limit game design, to allow for simpler control schemes. Get creative :P