Eliminate the barriers to entry in the banking sector with the ultimate goal of banking being distributed completely. That way when banks fail, which they always will, it only hurts those people who invested poorly or put trust in institutions that are prone to failure.

The way it is now the poor decision making of gamblers in the banking sector and whatever speculative bubble they get involved in is paid for by everyone else through the combination of legal tender law and currency inflation. That currency inflation even though it is met with an almost overwhelming counterforce of credit destruction that hides its effect on purchasing power still represents a transfer of wealth in the trillions. Think of all those assets that did not get cleared off of the books of unproductive/zombie corporations...

You may think the bailouts where not a big deal but allowing productive assets to be moved from zombie corporations to the hands of individuals who are more productive and better able to manage risk is the difference between clearing the crisis in a year and allowing it to drag on for decades with the root cause of the problem (central planning of an economy causing misallocations of resources) unchanged.

Really you sore the solution in the movie itself: people better able to spot that the market is acting irrationally bet against it to bring it back in line or take over the assets of the irresponsible actors. There where several state interventions seen in the movie that prevent that from happening efficiently (needing a license to bet in the same arena as the "sophisticated investors"... ratings agencies being "licensed".. rules of the game being written in law rather than private contract leading to corruption that cannot be rejected because you cant simply walk away from a regulator in the way you could from an arbitrator) and many more that are not touched in regards to the existence of legal tender law and state subsidies for housing and housing related products. Hell, even mandates on the number of borrowers with low prospects of paying back a loan that must be on the books for every good loan.

To sum up you avoid it by not paying people to do it and mandating that people do it as a condition of their pay and special privileges.

There will still be bubbles for sure but you can easily avoid bubbles by not participating in them.