In Connected Careers in the "Schemes" menu there are a few default play styles that you can set for your teams players. Some of these may be more useful then others, but its a start point for some ideas for categories. These is what these categories are called in the game and the attributes that the description says are important for that type of player. These are EA's descriptions, not mine.
QB:
Pocket Passer - Accuracy/Arm Strength
Strong Arm - Arm Strength
West Coast - Accuracy/Mobility
Mobile - Speed/Throw on Run/Agility
Balanced - Arm Strength/Speed/Acceleration
HB:
Balanced - Speed/Acceleration/Agility
Power Back - Strength/Trucking
Speed Back - Speed/Acceleration
Receiving Back - Elusiveness/Catching
One Cut - Acceleration/Ball carry vision
FB:
Blocking - Strength/Run block/impact block
Runner-Receiver - Catching/Speed/Ball carry vision
Balanced - Speed/Agility/Run block
WR:
Balanced - Speed/Acceleration/agility
Speed - Speed/Acceleration
Possession - Catch in traffic
Red Zone threat - Spectacular catch/catch in traffic
Route Runner - Agility/route running
TE:
Balanced - Speed/Acceleration/Agility
Blocking - Impact blocking/run block/pass block
Vertical threat - Speed/agility/route running
Receiver - Catching/Route running
LT/LG/C/RG/RT:
Balanced - Strength/Awareness/Pass block/run block
Pass Blocker - Pass block/strength/awareness
Run Blocker - Run Block/Strength/Acceleration
Big Mauler - Run Block/Strength/Impact block
Zone Block - Run Block/Agility/Acceleraton
LE/RE:
Balanced 4-3 - Speed/Power move/finesse move
4-3 Run Stopper - Strength/block shed/tackle
3-4 Run stopper - Strength/pursuit/tackling
3-4 Versatile - "physical and intangible ratings" (this one is weird)
Speed Rusher - speed/acceleration/"pass rush"
DT
Balanced - "physical and intangible ratings" (offensive descriptions were specific, defense are more general)
Pass Rusher - Acceleration/"Pass rush"
Prototype - aglity/speed/acceleration
Nose Tackle - Strength/tackling
Run Stopper - strength/block shed/tackling
LOLB/ROLB
Balanced - speed/acceleration/agility
Cover 2 - zone coverage/speed/agility
Run stopper - block shed/pursuit/tackling
3-4 pass rush - acceleration/"pass rush"
Prototype - speed/agility/acceleration (whats the difference between this and Balanced EA?)
MLB
Balanced - speed/acceleration/agility
Cover 2 - zone coverage/speed/agility
Run stopper - block shed/pursuit/tackling
3-4 tackler - block shed/tackling
Prototype - speed/agility/acceleration (again, same as Balanced)
CB:
Balanced - speed/agility/man coverage/zone coverage
Prototype - speed/strength/acceleration
Zone - zone coverage/play recognition
Man to Man - man coverage/speed/acceleration/agility
Run Support - press coverage/tackling/speed/agility
FS/SS
Balanced - speed/agility/coverage/tackling
Prototype - Speed/agility/acceleration
Run Support - block shed/pursuit/tackling
Zone - zone coverage/play recognition
Playmaker - pursuit/play recognition/awareness
K/P
Balanced - kick power/accuracy
Power - kick power
Clutch - kick accuracy/awareness
Accurate - kick accuracy