I can say based on my experience it’s not nearly as bad as it used to be here. I am in the US military stationed in Japan and work directly with Japanese employees. We refer to them as Master Labor Contractors or ‘MLC’ for short. They do use their paid time off quite often with little issue. It may be that them working with Americans daily lessens the stigmatization that would normally occur in the Japanese civilian workforce as we don’t necessarily care that much. While we hire them they are still paid by the Japanese Government. They also receive holiday pay for working during their National Holidays. Overall their pay isn’t great and they have to work to about 65 to retire from this particular job in order to enjoy benefits such as using Base Facilities (Even though they work on base they cannot use the exchange or commissary).