Europe doesn't have a purpose, but the people living on the continent have goals and abilities, which can either be inhibited or constrained by potential

But this is where the racism, or at least eurocentrism, starts to creep in. Because if we have a serious understanding of how society works, positing some areas as having more 'potential' than others on environmental grounds seems dangerous.

be it the terrain the land gave, the position to other continents it had, the resources it included, and the seasons it experienced

So, first off, what the hell is 'European terrain'?! And how does it differ from, say, Asian terrain?

Secondly, things like resource availability and seasonality are replicated in many places outside of Europe.

As for capitalism, mercantilism and capital has been a nearly universal part of any civilization

If by mercantlism we're referring to the specific economic conditions normally labelled as such, then I don't think it's approporiate to try and claim that, say, ancient Rome was mercantilist.