Saruman wasn't so much as corrupted by Sauron as by a desire for great power. Remember, at the same time that he was serving Sauron, he was also planning on keeping the ring for himself if he found it. Now, if Gandalf was corrupted by a desire for power, he probably would have acted much the same as Saruman, but would probably have been less effective overall as he would not have the power of Orthanc to support him unless he went there an overthrew Saruman. Additionally, without Gandalf there to protect him and to warn him intiially, it is likely that the Nine have no trouble at all capturing Frodo and recovering the ring immediately.

Even if that didn't happen, it is likely that the quest to destroy the ring would have been unsuccesful as a large part of its success is due to Gandalf's trust of Frodo's strength. Even an uncorrupted Saruman would have likely dismissed Frodo and the rest of the Hobbits as too weak and simple for such a great task. He wouldn't be able to take on the task himself as possession of the ring would immediately corrupt him. It is possible that he would push for another member of the White council such as Elrond or Galdriel to take it, but they too would be corrupted by the ring. He would also likely not have trusted in the strength or Borormir (rightly so) or even Aragorn. As a result, the quest for Mount Doom would most likely not be undertaken as a suitable candidate couldn't be found for it. As a result, the council ends up debating what to do with ring until Sauron's forces show up at Rivendell and defeat the last remaining Elven forces and take the ring.

TL,DR: The ring is recovered by Sauron.