Most township police in NJ are taught by instructors, who in turn are taught by NYPD weapon specialists. I am a firefighter and my department in NJ has 7 police officers and our assistant chief is a detective. NYPD instructors teach NYPD's own "empty your magazine" protocol. You are instructed to empty your magazine at your target. New Jersey State Police have a totally different mindset taught to them, one of my fire departments firefighters is a statie, they are taught the US Army mantra of fire until there is no perceivable ability of threat from the target. Guess which department shoots way more bystanders, the NYPD or the NJ State Police, it is the NYPD by a long shot. Also NJ State Police have to have weapons qual way more than township police in NJ. My old town has qual twice a year, the statie says he has training almost every 2 weeks and qual up to 12 times a year.