You can do it like in Deus Ex 3 by showing it as if it's natural progression of events. A terrorist group takes your company's employees as hostage. Your task is to rescue them in time and find out why are they targeting your company. You are reminded that you need to do this soon or terrible things are going to happen which it does if you waste your time walking around reading people's e-mails. This happens fairly early in the game which shows that your actions have consequences and if the game tells you something is gonna happen, it is going to happen. Just like how they tell you if you go north of Goodsprings or to Quarry Junction, your ass will be handed to you in NV. I think you can copy that Deus Ex scenario and apply it to Fallout fairly easily. The problem here is that time is not shown as part of the game's progression in Beth games and it will be hard for people to understand that "Hey, the time I'm putting into crafting 1000 daggers can be used to stop dragons and save another soul." Or they simply will not care. And they won't like it because people don't like time limited stuff in games.

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tldr: It's a good method to teach player about actions and consequences but it will annoy some just because it's a timed event. I like it, I would like to see it in a future game but not as a "if you don't do this in 8 hours the world is going to explode" but as a side quest or a small part in a big quest type thing.