Gilded age
I understand what you mean, but I'm not sure that it fits.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilded_Age
The political landscape was notable in that despite some corruption, election turnout was very high and national elections saw two evenly matched parties. The dominant issues were cultural (especially regarding prohibition, education, and ethnic or racial groups) and economic (tariffs and money supply). With the rapid growth of cities, political machines increasingly took control of urban politics. In business, powerful nationwide trusts formed in some industries. Unions crusaded for the eight-hour working day, and the abolition of child labor; middle class reformers demanded civil service reform, prohibition of liquor and beer, and women's suffrage.
I think Elon Musk's proper comparison is Henry Ford.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_River_Rouge_Complex
The Ford River Rouge Complex (commonly known as the Rouge Complex or just The Rouge) is a Ford Motor Company automobile factory complex located in Dearborn, Michigan, along the River Rouge, upstream from its confluence with the Detroit River at Zug Island. Construction began in 1917, and when it was completed in 1928, it was the largest integrated factory in the world.
The Rouge Complex inspired basically ever vertical integration factory in the world.
It inspired the GAZ factory built in the 1930s in the Soviet Union, as well as the later Hyundai factory complex in Ulsan, South Korea, which was developed beginning in the late 1960s. Designed by Albert Kahn, the Rouge was designated as a National Historic Landmark District in 1978 for its architecture and historical importance to the industry and economy of the United States.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Kahn_(architect)
Kahn later designed, in 1917, the massive half-mile-long Ford River Rouge Complex in Dearborn, Michigan. The Rouge developed as the largest manufacturing complex in the United States and, in its time, in the world. Its workforce peaked at 120,000 workers.
My personal theory as to the timeline for these things, both Ford and Musk is that they are disrupting industry.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T#Price_and_production
The moving assembly line system, which started on October 7, 1913, allowed Ford to reduce the price of his cars. As he continued to fine-tune the system, Ford was able to keep reducing costs significantly. As volume increased, he was able to also lower the prices due to some of the fixed costs being spread over a larger number of vehicles as large supply chain investments increased assets per vehicle. Other factors reduced the price such as material costs and design changes.
In current equivalent dollars, the cost of the Runabout started at $23,476 in 1909 and bottomed out at $3,790 in 1925.
TL:DR; there is a plan, because this has been done before. Vertical integration must happen because that's what you have to do to disrupt the marketplace. Eventually it doesn't work, because there are multiple inefficiencies of trying to manage a large company (from ore to finished product), other sub-vendors will pop up to do it less expensively than you can do it in-house, but that's probably 20+ years away for Tesla.