What level are you studying at?

An Introduction to Physical Geography by Holden covers the basics at an undergraduate level. You might be able to locate a PDF of the chapter online.

What I found with a lot of climate and meteorology however is that it is never fully spelled out in the text books. That is, a satisfactory, in-depth explanation is rarely offered. I spent a lot of time just drawing out diagrams e.g. if there is low pressure here, there will be instability aloft, which means the upper atmosphere is moving this way, meaning the surface winds are going that way and will drive these currents, which causes upwelling over there, creating high pressure there... I would then chat to my teacher to check if what I was thinking was correct (or not) and through this I managed to develop a neat understanding of how the atmosphere works (I'm no means an expert though - at all!). A lot of it though is logic; once you know the basics you can work through a lot of meteorology yourself and see patterns everywhere.

The ocean-atmosphere is terrifically complex and there's more to it than just the global circulation system (which serves to simplify things). Lots of other micro-cells, and other circulation systems entirely e.g. walker circulation.

Sorry for ranting and not really answering your question, I just like talking about climate science. Was your question brought up to fill a gap in your knowledge of the syllabus, or was it brought about by curiosity? If you're UK and doing A levels, an in-depth understanding really isn't required, so long as you understand the three-cell model and can explain how it shifts with the seasons (and the patterns that causes e.g. reversal of the monsoon).