How many years is Engineering school typically assuming I take the pre-recs in Math and Science that I do not have and I get in to a school?

Most engineering colleges don't have prereqs for freshman classes. Those one or two math classes you'll need to take to get caught up will probably be the only extras you'll need to take. They will only set you back a year at most.

Keep in mind when people say 4 years for a degree, they're saying 18-21 credits a semester. That is quite the workload, even for the most dedicated student. That is essentially 18-21 hours of in class time per week. Most students can get by just fine if they put in an additional 2-3 hours outside of class for every hour in class. So at a minimum, you're looking at 54 hours of work/ week for 18 credits/ semester. You will probably burn out pretty fast on a course load like that. It does have a financial benefit, though, as many schools wont charge you for credits you take beyond something like 14 credits/ semester. Personally, I try to max out at 14 credits/ semester. Beyond that I feel like I'm just regurgitating material/ not putting effort into developing intuition as much as I am just trying to blast through homework.

My life goal is to find a career I can make $100,000/yr or more. Not right away, but not when I'm 50+ either. Is this realistic in the field of engineering?

For salary information on environmental/ others types of engineering, check the Bureau of Labor Statistics website:

http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes172081.htm

I want to stay living in NYC. Is it a decent place for Engineering jobs?

Assuming you're referring to environmental engineering, see the previous link for a color coded depiction of what state has the most environmental engineers.