3. TIL Sunflower roots produce sugar, alcohol, and biofuel. "Sunroots" can be eaten...

TIL Sunflower roots produce sugar, alcohol, and biofuel. "Sunroots" can be eaten by people and livestock. Sunroots are prebiotic with bioactive medicinal compounds demonstrating antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. They grow in drought, poor soil and resist pests, disease, and fungus.

Abstract Jerusalem artichoke, a native plant to North America has recently been recognized as a promising biomass for bioeconomy development, with a number of advantages over conventional crops such as low input cultivation, high crop yield, wide adaptation to climatic and soil conditions and strong resistance to pests and plant diseases. A variety of bioproducts can be derived from Jerusalem artichoke, including inulin, fructose, natural fungicides, antioxidant and bioethanol. This paper provides an overview of the cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke, derivation of bioproducts and applicable production technologies, with an expectation to draw more attention on this valuable crop for its applications as biofuel, functional food and bioactive ingredient sources.

  1. Conclusions Jerusalem artichoke is an economically important plant with advantages of low input cultivation, high crop yield and wide adaptation to climatic and soil conditions. In addition to its applications as functional food and bioactive ingredient sources, it is recognized as a sustainable feedstock for biofuel production. These diverse economic values identify it as a promising biomass for bioeconomy development. However, Jerusalem artichoke is currently underutilized. This paper provides a review of the considerable amount of research that has been already been conducted; however more research and development are necessary before the utilization of Jerusalem artichoke can become economically and technically viable. Further studies are expected to focus on: (1) optimization of the cultivation conditions to improve crop yield per input; (2) increasing inulin content in tubers by genetic modification of the species; (3) identification and development of enzymes with high activity and stability to facilitate more efficient bioprocesses for bioproduct production; and (4) exploring new enzyme immobilization technologies and designing advanced bioreactors for continuous operation to increase overall productivity. Outcomes of these research areas should establish Jerusalem artichoke as an essential natural resource in a developing bioeconomy.
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