Salvia extract is a powder.
So, extract when it comes to Salvia means concentration. So were you might want to take 1 gram of Salvia leaves (assuming the concentration is one), then you would take 5 times less if you wanted to do it with 5x extract.
So let's say you have 1 gram of Salvia leaves, now you wanted to get the same effect, but with a 5x extract:
1 gram / 5 = 0.2 gram
So this means you take 0.2 grams of Salvia extract 5, to get the same effect as 1 gram of Salvia leaves. So yes, 10x extract would be half of the 5x extract. 20x extract, would be half of the 10x extract, etc...
Most people recommend a bong since Salvia smoke is really harsh, but you can smoke it from a pipe if you wanted to. (It can also be vaporized, but it requires a lot of heat).
If you're going to smoke Salvia leaves, a torch lighter is recommended since it needs to get really hot. If it's extract I've heard that a regular lighter is fine, but I still think a torch lighter would be your best bet.
I'm still unsure about dosages since different sources mention different dosages.