The vaccine race isn’t necessarily going to be ‘won’ buy a single company. Multiple companies developing multiple vaccines will all play their part, and if they don’t have the means to produce the vaccine themselves, will enlist the help of others to produce the doses required.

Johnson and Johnson have already started producing their vaccine, ahead of their phase 3 trials, to get ahead of the sheer quantity (about 4.5 billion) needed for the world to reach heard immunity. They building a 2nd factory as well. Just today Moderna announced a collaboration with Catalent to produce the first 100 million doses of their vaccine, and AstraZenica reached agreement with Europe’s Inclusive Vaccines Alliance to produce the first 400 million doses of the Oxford University vaccine. So not one company will need to take on the gargantuan task of creating billions of vaccines, it’s a worldwide effort.

I’d be interested to hear more about the deception behind INO. Could you tell us more?