What are some philosophies that help when grieving?

I'm so sorry for your loss.

I don't know if you have any religious leanings, but I'll try my best to outline the Buddhist outlook since it addresses this topic head-on. In the legend of the Buddha's life, it's said that Siddhartha Gautama (the soon-to-be Buddha), after leaving his palace for the first time in his life, saw four sights that led to his disillusionment with worldly existence and aspiration to seek liberation from its inherent sufferings: an old person, an ill person, a dead body, and an ascetic searching for liberation from suffering.

The Buddha, after his awakening, summarized the wisdom he awakened to in the Four Noble Truths:

  1. Suffering [duḥkha] is an innate aspect of worldly existence [saṃsāra].
  2. This suffering is caused by craving [tṛṣṇā], which in turn is ultimately rooted in ignorance [avidyā].
  3. With the destruction of ignorance and craving, there is the cessation [nirodha] of suffering.
  4. The path [mārga] leading to the cessation of suffering is the Noble Eightfold Path, which consists of the threefold training in virtue [śīla], meditative concentration [samādhi], and wisdom [prajñā].

You can read the full sūtra where the Buddha proclaimed the Four Noble Truths at https://suttacentral.net/sn56.11/en/bodhi.

Buddhism will obviously not take away your grief, but grief can be used to fuel practice that eventually leads to peace. Death is very central to the idea of duḥkha, and from the perspective of Buddhism, we have to experience it again and again as long as we remain wandering in saṃsāra.

If any of this is of interest to you, In the Buddha's Words by Bhikkhu Bodhi is a great introduction to Buddhism.

/r/askphilosophy Thread