In my fantasy world there are many states, city states, nomadic territory, and barely controlled wilderness.
The major states are:
Alp Empire: the oldest continuous state being over 5000 years old, it covers half a continent and is slowly expanding through economic domination, occasional war, and paying rulers large amounts of cash to join them. Ruled by the Mad Immortal Emperor, it has been surprisingly well run, except when he lost 99% of his empire during a game of cards when he tried to bluff with a pair of 2's a thousand years ago.
While the Mad Immortal Emperor has the final say in any decision, he generally lets the various factions, the Bureaucrats, the Nobles, the Peoples Commons, and the several hundred Emperors Children, deal with things. This usually keeps all sides too busy fighting with each other to annoy the populace, annoy him, or become too corrupt.
Golden Mountain: Kingdom of the gods. A theocratic state, mostly run by the priests, while the Gods worry about their own churches and domains. They're fairly good neighbours, except when they go to war with the Demon Cities.
Demon Cities: Several dozen city states controlled by demons. They tend to have a laissez-faire attitude to politics, and each city does whatever it wants, including going to war with each other. They only unite when faced with invasion, attacking the Gods, or dealing with a world ending threat. The City of A Million Parties, controlled by the Demon Lord of Wild Parties is a major tourist spot.
The Wasteland/Kingdom of Gears: Formerly the home of the gnomes, this region was blown up and poisoned by the gnomes when they decided to have the GREATEST PARTY EVER!
It became unlivable for most organic life, and was called the Wastelands. But the gnomes mechanical servants, the Clockwork People, survived and began to rebuild. Now 500 years later, they have a nice little kingdom, where people can visit for a few days without mutating into horrifying monstrosities. They are renowned for their ingenious clockwork inventions and precision tools.