My main language - by which I mean, the one I write the most lines of code in day to day - is some form of JavaScript. Which actually covers all six of your categories:

1. Server programs with Node.js
2. Desktop applications with Electron (love it or loathe it)
3. Mobile - via React Native
4. I’m pretty sure I’ve heard of JS being used on the web
5. Node is often used for dev tooling
6. Yes, there is such a thing as embedded JavaScript, at least of some description. A lot of OTT / smart TV / DVR UI software is written in ECMAScript. Very different to writing web JS however; you need to be very careful with memory allocation, stack depth etc.

My secondary language is Haskell. I mostly use it for task 1 but it can be applied to the others, e.g. web development using either PureScript or (borderline) Elm