Americas:
A Democrat will be POTUS and a lot of things from the Trump presidency will have been undone although the dents in the transatlantic connection remain and NATO has unofficially been permanently weakened. Natural disasters exacerbated by climate change will take its toll on the country forcing many to relocate, many times in a hurry. Miami for example will have big problems with rising sea levels. And rising temperatures make it more difficult to grow crops in sub-tropic areas.
Maduro will be a man for the history books in Venezuela, as will large parts of the Amazon for Brazil and the world. Lack of basic necessities drives many more than just ten years ago upwards toward the northern hemisphere.
Europe:
The UK has left the European Union while Montenegro and Serbia are welcomed into the union. A horrific no-deal brexit led to the independence of Scotland who's now a full-fledged member of the EU. Erdoğan is no longer at the helm in Turkey and even though the new leader is nationalistic, talks of a future Turkish accession are no longer taboo in Brussels. Also the member states are moving even quicker toward realizing the plans of a common European army with the weakening of NATO and successful Russian meddling in European affairs being the catalysts. Some states integrate deeper while others sit back. The union is moving at different speeds, which some people view positively, all the while some see it as a sign of its imminent collapse or division.
It is also possible that an economic crisis starting around 2020 thanks to the US-China trade war and American tariffs on German cars along with other unforeseen events leads to several countries leaving the eurozone and even the EU. I'm mainly thinking about Southern Europe. This crisis would be worse than the '08 one and another hard recession so soon would be too difficult to handle for those countries. The north/south divide within the EU would be clear and it'd pose huge challenges for the member states and the institutions.
London is not what it once was. Paris is now the city to be in for Europeans and even the Dutch and Scandinavians, people with close ties to the brits, choose the city of lights over the UK capital. Who wants to live where you're not welcome? Furthermore it's much simpler to move within the union.
Catalonia declares independence again, but nothing comes of it. Madrid claims its unconstitutional, the EU quietly agrees and the while things just fizzles out again while senyeras keep hanging from the balconies of Barcelona. But Catalan independence is not the only thing threatening the well-being of Spain... Temperatures are rising and crop yields are worsening. The government is making disaster plans and the lack of drinking water makes them buy it from the Dutch. This is a common sight all over Southern Europe where people no longer can stand the blistering heat waves killing hundreds every summer. People, just like in the Americas, are moving upwards toward the northern hemisphere and the EU will be put to a real test as northern member states will have to deal with huge a huge influx of people from the south in search of better living conditions. This could be the start of the end for the EU.
Also there will probably have been a war between India and Pakistan.