This might be a bit long so i'll space it out. And i'll add titles too.
How I got into photography
I took a photography subject during a graphic design degree, and learned how to use my camera while at the same time using a proper studio. This was a then-expensive D80 that I had my dad buy, only to not be interested in it straight after. So taking the subject meant I could put it to use.
In the following year, I practiced my butt off with 'basic' event photography at friend's parties, and there were a lot of them (21st birthdays). Eventually I was confidenta and comfortable with operating my camera.
Slowly I figured out ideal settings for different situations and could sorta visualise the impact of changing XYZ settings. At this point I could use manual mode 24/7.
Flash
During the photography subject (lasted 2 months), I borrowed a cheapo IR remote trigger and receiver ($5-10 each off ebay). I used it with a 25 year old+ flash and for one assignment, I went into streets with a friend to do 'sin city' style shots.
That night was a very big key in understanding lighting. One of my submitted shots used a big security light (activated by jumping up in the air) as a second light source, which worked extremely well imo. I'm still very proud of those shots.
At this point, I was using a decades old flash, D80 and 18-135mm kit lens.
On my own
I loved the photography so much, it became my focus after graduating. I chose at some point to focus on shooting people and portraits rather than doing whatever I felt like without direction. It's still good to try everything, there are a ton of things to learn in every field.
So naturally, I organised a number of shoots. My best friend was my main model and I practiced all kinds of lighting setups and shots with him, going to places and doing studio stuff. There's nothing wrong with using a close friend (if they're willing) multiple times if it means shooting someone rather than no one.
At this point, my two biggest projects were simply from knowing people (and being decent). One of them was unrelated - shooting restaurants but this taught me a lot about pricing. I want to emphasise how important it is to be diligent and motivated. What I mean is to research, read, ask for help and discuss everything photography related. Learn how to google better - it is in fact a very valuable skill in general to have.
Alright this is getting too long and its not edited well on account of it being nearly 6am. I want to avoid jumping in and giving generic 'organise shoots' advice.
To sum up my background, I became proficient at using my camera, using flash and lighting and having a bit of experience before shooting non-friends in a TFP or paid situation. Once you're at a good spot, keep practicing. Eventually your portolio will get better and better. As you do more shoots, you can swap out the weaker ones for newer and better pieces.