If you can find and quote a single instance in the book where Ron gets angry at Hermione for not doing his homework, then I will literally eat the book that quote's from and upload it to Reddit.
I don't have the books with me. They fight on exactly this point multiple times.
Nearly every instance where Ron (and Harry) is angry at Hermione is a result of her overbearing nature, which to her credit is the result of the fact that she cares so much.
That:
Supports my point that they do not get along
Doesn't change the facts of the situation. You're blaming her for him not liking the way she acts.
Moving on, in book 4 he's a 14 year old boy with insecurities. Insecurities that he puts aside the moment he truly realizes how much danger his best friend is in.
Fine. But that is a direct contradiction to your statement that being "a loyal and steadfast friend" is a central part of his character. He gets into a feud with at least one of those friends so bad that he does not speak to them almost every single year. Always over INCREDIBLY petty reasons. He doesn't come back because Harry needs him.
In book 7, he's walking around wearing Voldemort's Hocrux, a piece of the soul of the most evil and powerful wizard of their time. I wouldn't exactly call that a weak reason.
As I recall, they were all wearing it, in turns, so he's still the one who abandoned them.
Book 3, he gets pissed because Hermione outright refused to acknowledge the possibility that her pet magical cat might have eaten his rat and despite the fact that he may have despised Scabbers, it was his pet and his property.
Hermione, presumably, wasn't the ONLY person in Gryffindor who owned a cat. She's indignant because Ron accuses her based on nothing other than his own suspicion. He has no reason to think that it was Crookshanks. Nor did he really have reason to stay that mad that long.
That is the other thing about Ron. He is NEVER the bigger person. He ends his disputes only when it is clearly demonstrated that he was being an ass. He doesn't say "you know, I think my multi-year friendship matters more than winning this argument". He sticks it out.
As for him being a jealous prick, please point out an instance besides the ones in book 4 and book 7 where he's a jealous prick because I'd like to see what exactly compels you to shit on a character who you claim to like.
You literally listed the ones where it matters for me. There are no incidents in book 5 or 6 because Hermione has no love interests in book 5 or 6. I do recall a brief moment in 5 when she mentions writing to Victor and he's annoyed, but I can't place it for certain. Any time there is actually competition for her attention, Ron is a jealous prick. There's also more than a few hints in book 6 that a good part of his relationship with Lavender is designed to annoy Hermione. There is a bit of back and forth there, but Ron's is WAY more extreme.