If I’m in another country won’t this always show my location?

Put your home network (or at least a segment of it) on a VPN with a US endpoint. Have your phone on Wifi only, turn off the cell antenna, connect to the SSID that uses that VPN. If your cell provider offers Wifi calling, set that up.

on call occasionally which also is a phone application.

If you mean OpsGenie, Pager Duty, or similar, these also use Wifi BUT the app may throw a fit if it detects the cell antenna is off.

I strongly recommend taking PTO and trying your setup overseas. If you trip any wires, infosec will definitely let you know, but you can say "oh yeah I have company mail on my phone" or whatever.

BONUS CONCERN If your phone has MDM on it (did you have to sign away a bunch of rights when you installed Outlook?) they may be able to see available Wifi networks.