First of all thanks for the help.
So I made a 5GB disk image and mounted it successfully
crosh> vmc create-extra-disk --size=5G --removable-media "SD Card/extra-disk.img"
crosh> vmc start termina --untrusted --extra-disk "/media/removable/SD Card/extra-disk.img"
lxc config device add penguin extra_disk_0 disk source=/mnt/external/0 path=/mnt/external/0
And I used nano to write a text file to the disk
user@penguin $ sudo nano /mnt/external/0/test.txt
And it writes and saves! So that a huge win.
But I tried restarting my chromebook to see if I need to set it all up everytime and I need to use
crosh> vmc start termina --untrusted --extra-disk "/media/removable/SD Card/extra-disk.img"
to turn on crostini. The disk is still mounted, but my text file isn't there anymore. Any ideas how I can remedy this?