Yeah this one is kind of tricky I would've probably missed it too - well if you read closely on the words you highlighted "panic they experience during panic attacks; leads to a conditioned fear response due to the changes in bodily sensation" - Hmmm well darn.. To be honest I would post this on the main forum, I can't think of a really good reason. Because to me it seems possible to induce the stimulation in the person, but at the same time every one is different and will respond differently to "panic inducing" stimuli. Plus it doesn't seem very ethical to, by experimentation, try and send people into panic attacks for a study. Actually the ethical part was what I was thinking from the start, but when I read the explanation given by the AAMC I'm not so sure. - Longitudinal seems reasonable though, its tough to eliminate because I can't think of what kind of study they would use. But I guess it's a case of one option is slightly better than the other. - Sorry I didn't have a better explanation.