Realistically, no. You can't refuse work and still collect unemployment.

Now, let's be honest. State unemployment offices are so slammed trying to process claims that the chance of them taking the time to find out you refused work is pretty minimal. Its also minimal that your employer will take the time to sit on the phone for hours to tell unemployment that you refused work, or will navigate some disastrous website to do it.

If you are that afraid, nothing is stopping you from telling your employer you aren't feeling well. You have a cough and a fever. They're not going to tell you to get tested, because testing is still at a doctor's request and very limited. So you have to quarantine for two weeks.

Or you can just go "no contact" and ride it out. Doubtful your employer takes the effort to turn you in.