As far as i'm aware for hard spawns it has to do with proximity.

Like 1500-2000m; I forget the exact range. (squad spawning allows for more range; sometimes)

For mobile AMS vehicles i think it is also 1500-2000m. While in enemy territory I am unsure but do know it limits the range.

basically, I just got into the habit of using an aircraft to get to the base i'm going for from the warp-gate.

I don't think ratio has anything to do with it. Though, it probably should be.

For sure need a lattice link.

yeah, squad leader usually breaks the redeploy restriction (unless in an AMS on enemy land)

As I've brushed on, i'm not sure how AMS re-deploys work. (at least in enemy land)

I think time it takes to redeploy purely depends on proximity. Example: redeploying 1000m away may take 30 seconds to load. whereas, redeploying into a valk you are already in simply to restock your supplies(say you are running a striker crew) will be nearly instant.

I think squad beacon timer is broken. Just spam it until it works. The timer basically only tells you if they have it upgraded or not. if it says 2min, then you will have to wait that long between spawns. if it is 1 min, then you only need to wait that long. Unfortunately, you have to keep track of this yourself. which is why i say "spam it" basically if you know you last used it over 1 minute ago, it should be good to go.

your point 4, yeah i have no idea why this happens. Yes, very frustrating. To which, I'll suggest the aircraft option that I said earlier.

5, idk.

"you know nothing"- i thought this wasn't a shitpost?