Most non-minimum wage employers offer medical insurance with whomever they choose (e.g. Blue Cross Blue Shield). Some low-end minimum wage jobs, like fast food places or grocery stores, might offer insurance (it's entirely possible).

Many employers pay 75% of the insurance bill every month, you're left with 25% of the insurance costs, which is usually 80-120 dollars per month (which is somewhat close to what people in countries with free healthcare would pay in taxes to keep their system -- it's just a different way of doing things). Some cover 100% of the insurance.

There are different levels of insurance. Most cover everything, but you must pay the 1000 dollar deductible, sort of like how car insurance works.

Some employers offer eye and dental coverage as well.

Most insurance plans cover certain doctors and hospitals in your area. Anyone not on the approved list might cost you. In life or death emergencies, you can go to any hospital, they won't turn you away.

We don't really have shitty hospitals. These are the two largest in my hometown (picture 1, picture 2). It's not cheap to build these. Some of the costs might transfer to regular people who visit the hospital in need.