The answer to your question is no, not really. Russia is large but the language is really homogenous, both because of the Soviet educational system killing the historic dialects and accents and because of the fact that Russians originally come from a relatively slow area from where they have settled all around the territory that is now Russia not so long ago. Most of Russia’s vast territory had and still has many indigenous peoples with their own languages that are very diverse, ranging from close to Finnish to close to Turkish to absolute isolates. There isn’t so much diversity among Russian themselves and there is no way one could confuse a native speaker from Russia with a foreigner because of their accent and vice versa.

However, Russian is more diverse when it comes to accents of people from other ex-USSR countries, as Russian-speaking Estonians or, say, Kazakhstanis, do have a wide variety of peculiar and notable accents, not of all of which will be instantly recognized by all Russians, so this may be what you’re looking for.