Why did North Korea and Cuba stay communist when almost every other communist regime collapsed around 1990?

"Stalinism" (Marxism-Leninism, there's no real difference between the two) is nothing even remotely similar to fascism. The former is a form of socialism. The latter is a form of capitalism. "Using terror and intimidation" and "having a strong government" are not political tendencies and are not valid as a means of comparison, because it does not reflect their actual beliefs or policies, merely their actions. Also, the idea of "Stalinism" including Russian nationalism is laughable considering Stalin wasn't even Russian and actively combatted nationalism within the Soviet Union, since nationalists were some of the staunchest opponents of the socialist government.

It's also important to keep in mind that the reports about the North Korean state are coming straight from those who have been at odds with them for decades on end; due to the DPRK's secrecy there's little we can say is fact, especially when they're locked in a battle for legitimacy with South Korea, which has (as would be expected) played the propaganda game since the armistice in 1953. There's very little we can definitely prove about the DPRK and it's best not to speculate as speculation, in the worst case, devalues the experiences of those who have actually lived through real atrocities, and at best, is just false information. It's the frustrating thing when discussing the most secretive state in the world which has a reputation that, while widely believed, has yet to actually be definitively proven. Defectors will always be talking about the bad aspects of the state, that's why they're defecting. We only have one-sided information to draw from and that is not conducive to effective analysis.

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