Everyone that responds to this thread will respond differently. People define genres in many different ways, and often artists will even define genres in ways that are unusual (or to go as far to say their music doesn't fit any genres). Here's my breakdown of genres that are very popular right now:
Mohombi - Bumpy Ride (Chuckie Remix)
David Guetta - Where Them Girls At
Deep House: I'm not your guy to touch this, honestly.
Dubstep: Defined by a drum pattern, certain BPM, and sound engineering to be "dirty" and stuff. There are people that will tell you that Skrillex "isn't real dubstep and you have to listen to Burial because it has more 'space'" but everyone rolls their eyes at these people anyway. This is dubstep:
Trap: Again, defined by a drum pattern and bpm mostly. Any time you hear a track with a drum pattern that sounds like it was forcefully ripped from inner city music or music in which people literally have no control over their high hats, this is it. Note that trap is my favorite genre. Think Flosstradamus, Baauer, TNGHT, or Mr. Carmack
Major Lazer - Original Don (Flosstradamus Remix)
I write for an electronic music publication and I've never heard of Handsup so maybe someone can help a brotha out.
There are a ton of subgenres that you shouldn't waste your time knowing.
The easiest way to to break everything into general categories. This is how I do it.
Big Room House - mainstage music. Ranges from Oliver Heldens to Avicii to Martin Garrix to the Chainsmokers to David Guetta to Afrojack. Electro house, commercial house, big room, all in one.
Big Room Trance - anything trance related. I can't stand this stuff.
Deep - includes anything Techno, Deep House, Tech House, "minimal house" etc etc. I honestly tend to throw Tropical in here just because it doesn't fit the mainstage mentality of "Big Room"
Bass - includes dubstep, trap, drum n bass, future bass, etc etc