You have poor managers. I would attempt to reach a compromise by educating them a little. Bring it to a head with some pointed questions that will hopefully highlight how petty they are being.

"Is it the case that announcing whether we are at our desks or not is mostly for the needs of those in the call center?" (Unread, why are those of us in data entry required to do this? Nobody needs to know if we're at our desks or not.)

"How are my metrics? My KPIs?" If you are as good as you think you are, then the answer to this question, depending upon how brave you are or how much you want to talk about your issue, can lead directly to the follow-up question, "Great? Great! So why am I being hounded about my breaks? If I'm getting the work done, why does it matter if I take six breaks of five minutes each instead of two breaks of fifteen minutes each? Why am I getting comments on this?"

I would confront it head on. Someone is being petty and they should be called out for it. You are getting the work done, that is all that matters. The reporting where you are thing is just ridiculous micromanagement and I, personally, wouldn't stand for it. I would ask for an exemption for not being in a department where it matters. If they don't like that, then I would ask for a personal exemption because I feel it's demeaning and if they don't grant me one they can find someone else to do the job.

Okay, on that last point, I'll concede that I'm further along than you in my career and my job security is 100% guaranteed. I make my own rules. Still, I can't imagine working in a position like that for longer than is absolutely necessary and I would be sure to tell them why they are losing such great talent during my exit interview. Petty managers give management a bad name.