Do morals only exist due to fear of the afterlife?

No, not at all.

All of the evidence points toward what I'd say is now fact, and that is that the basics for morality are hardwired into us on an instinctual level.

We've spent thousands of years refining our morality, using these basic biological urges and facts to guide us.

It's not just humans that have a morality either - looks at other mammals, many of them have, what by our standards look like a proto-morality, especially the apes.

It's not hard to see how, this proto-morality present in apes, when combined with an explosion in intelligence and social living (and the ability to write and pass ideas on down through the generations), and a long span of time, we get an advanced form of morality.

Richard Dawkins suggested a really fascinating explanation as to why religion takes such a strong hold in minds - he applied Darwinian natural selection to ideas as the beings, and cultural human minds as the method of replication. He coined the phrase "meme" to describe these culturally transmitted ideas - which has since gone on to become a field within it's own right ...

I believe this is sufficient to explain why certain religious ideas and principles are now "out of hand". If our brains are a replicator for ideas, then "survival of the fittest" will apply to ideas. The best ones will survive and passed on, with the worst dying out. Eventually, if we look at the most popular and infectious ideas, and ask ourselves why they seem to take a hold so well in so many minds, perhaps the reason is they have evolved "in the (cultural) wild", in much the same way a virus would. It might even be causing harm to the individuals, but this doesn't matter, as it's only concern is surviving and infecting more individuals.

Such a mind virus would, of course, take advantage of human biases, playing on our deepest emotions.

So for all these reasons, I think morality is the product of evolution, and can be explained purely in terms of evolution and cultural advancement, the fact that religion has anything to say about religion is purely accidental, and I would even go as far saying religion holds back the refinement of an intelligent morality, all the while proclaiming to be the very source of.

Sounds like exactly the sort of cunning trickery we'd expect of a biological virus on a biological system, doesn't it?

Mind virus ... I'm telling you.

/r/askphilosophy Thread