I'm not an expert, but I'll attempt to give you a short and meaningful answer. Python abstracts a lot of this stuff for you (it gives you a libraries/packages to work with while telling you to not worry about what's going on under the hood).

A lot of Python is actually written in C, however. So under the hood, you have a lot of C doing the heavy lifting and directly interacting with your OS and hardware (ex: with the graphics card producing the beautiful colors your see).

C is an abstraction as well though. If you want to go below that, then you need to understand how assembly works. Keep going down and you'll get into machine code. Keep doing down and you'll realize the 0s and 1s are representations of changes in voltage.

No one understands any of it from end to end. That's why programmers figure out one part and then share their work so you can reuse it to do other great things without having to reinvent the wheel for everything when you're trying to accomplish something new. As knowledgeable as you may become, at one point you will need to decide which problems are worth your time, what is most important for you to know, and how much abstraction you just need to get comfortable with.